Climate
The G20 countries want to do more to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees. The decisive new stipulation is that they are targeting climate neutrality as early as the middle of the century. They are also following the Chinese announcement to withdraw from the international financing of new coal-fired power plants. This applies above all to energy-hungry Africa. We have only made little headway with the promise of the 100 billion dollars that developing countries are to receive for the climate-friendly restructuring of their economies: they actually wanted to have achieved this goal as early as 2020, now 2023 is in the summit declaration.
steer
The heads of state and government adopt the agreement that 136 countries already passed in October for a global minimum tax for global corporations. It should come into force by 2023.
World economy
The G20 rejects all considerations to get out of the fight against the crisis too quickly after the pandemic. “We will continue to support the upswing and avoid a premature withdrawal of the aid measures, but at the same time preserve financial stability and the long-term sustainability of public finances and protect ourselves against downside risks and negative effects,” the statement said – a compromise between debt-friendly and more stability-oriented governments. All available instruments should be used “as long as necessary”.
In order to help developing countries, the IMF has referred to the $ 650 billion special drawing rights. There are no new commitments for the end of December 2021 to expire the debt payment service.
Trade
After the end of US President Donald Trump’s office, the G20 countries are once again committed to an “open, fair, just, sustainable, non-discriminatory and integrative, rules-based multilateral trading system”. This is important for the upswing. The World Trade Organization (WTO) is to be strengthened as the “core” of this trading system.
Energy security
In view of the currently high energy prices, it is pointed out that a secure energy supply must be guaranteed. “We emphasize the importance of maintaining uninterrupted energy supplies from various sources, from various suppliers and through various avenues, exploring ways to improve energy security and market stability while promoting open, competitive and free international energy markets,” it said . Individual projects are not mentioned. Secure supply chains are also important for the restructuring of energy systems.
pandemic
The common fight against future pandemics is to be strengthened and financially more stable. At the same time, the G20 support the World Health Organization (WHO) goal of vaccinating 40 percent of the world’s population by the end of the year and 70 percent by mid-2022. The demand for the revocation of vaccine patents, which was rejected by Germany, does not appear. Instead, technology transfer and the establishment of vaccine production in developing countries are generally called for.
Migration
The G20 states underline the importance of preventing “irregular migration flows and the smuggling of migrants”. What is needed is a comprehensive concept “for safe, orderly and regular migration”. At the same time, one must address the root causes of displacement. Refugees have to be integrated.
environmental Protection
The G20 countries aim to stop the loss of biodiversity by 2030. At least 30 percent of the world’s land area and at least 30 percent of the world’s oceans and seas are to be “preserved or protected” by 2030. In addition, there should be “concrete measures” to put an end to overfishing of the seas. The fight against illegal deforestation and illegal mining should also be stepped up.
equal rights
The goal of gender equality is emphasized by all G20 countries. It is important that women and girls play a leading role “at all levels” because this ensures inclusive and sustainable development.
Olympic games
An important point for China can be found at the end of the declaration: The G20 are behind the Olympic Winter Games and the Paralympics in Beijing in 2022.
